How does the Cronavirus Vaccine Work Correctly?
does the Cronavirus Vaccine Work
The key question is how does the vaccine work?
Although there have been hundreds of years of research
history, we still cannot answer this basic question. Some researchers think
that it is sufficient to design the vaccine alone, but it also needs to
consider whether it can induce the expected immune response, whether it can
refine production and cost issues.
Two ways of thinking. Although scientific design is currently
mainstream, it still cannot solve all problems and requires experience to
provide some support. The above summary is very important to us.
How is the progress of international and
domestic vaccine research and development?
Internationally, we must first mention the Global Epidemic
Prevention Program Innovation Alliance (CEPI), which specializes in the
research and development of new infectious disease vaccines.
CEPI was founded in 2017 and its headquarters is in Norway. It
cooperates with WHOM and has sufficient funds to support the research of
emerging infectious diseases.
Therefore, on the second day of Wuhan's closure,
CEPI announced that it will fund three SARS-CoV-2 R & D
institutions, about 25 million US dollars, to carry out DNA, mRNA and protein
vaccine research, hoping to accelerate development and enter the population
experiment.
The news has seen that the mRNA vaccine they have developed is
ready for marketing, and is now making various declarations and preparations
before marketing.
Next are the NIH vaccine research center and some
scientific research units. For example, our laboratory has been doing basic research
and vaccine research. At that time, it was also the first to study the SARS DNA
vaccine.
In China, at the initial stage of the national epidemic
development, all levels of departments have established scientific research
teams, including a vaccine R & D team and 8 institutions.
The National Health and Health Commission recently announced
five technical routes, and many units are actively developing vaccine research
and development. Jobs. As far as I know,
before the end of April, Chinese vaccines and American vaccines can see real
clinical human experiments.
The five technical development routes of
China's new crown vaccine are as follows:
First, inactivated vaccines. Since the reform and opening up in
China, the vaccine field has developed rapidly.
There are many vaccine companies, but the technology is still
relatively backward. The most successful ones are inactivation. Vaccine.
Therefore, the task of preparing vaccines in China this time has
given at least three companies engaged in the development of inactivated
vaccines to be able to quickly enter the stage of animal studies toxicology
experiments. It is expected that data from human clinical trials will be seen
soon.
At present, there are concerns about inactivated vaccines in the
world. RSV pathogen testing showed potential safety hazards, so I don’t know
how far it can go. Fortunately, scientific research units, universities and
enterprises in China have also developed new vaccine technologies. ;
The second is the genetic engineering subunit vaccine, which is
a simple protein vaccine, which has been studied in animals for effectiveness
and safety;
the third is the adenovirus vector vaccine approaches.
The fourth is the attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine,
which can be used by nasal drops. However, both adenoviral vector and influenza
virus vector vaccines have some defects, and research on the effectiveness and
safety of experimental animals is also being conducted.
Finally, there are nucleic acid vaccines. At present, there are
two teams of DNA vaccines and an RNA vaccine research team. All very quickly.
Someone asked if the vaccine is easy to make?
Will it be available soon?
This question is difficult to answer. Vaccine research is facing
many challenges. Many factors such as science, technology, review agencies,
public health, and the decision-making of global politicians determine when we
can truly have vaccines.
We should maintain a certain degree of optimism. To cite a
Chinese example, the EV71 virus that caused hand, foot and foot disease in
Chinese children a few years ago is an enterovirus infection disease.
This virus is more prevalent in Asia. At that time, China
shouldered a heavy responsibility. In just a few years Developed a vaccine that
is not available worldwide.
The hand-foot-mouth disease vaccine is a very successful
example. At least three to four vaccines are on the market in China. The
leading representative of the research institute is the Kunming Institute of
the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
Since 2007, the vaccine they have developed has achieved good
sales. The market is also ready to export to Southeast Asia. It can be seen
from this that it is very possible to prepare an effective vaccine with China's
current funding and technological scale.
The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed internationally or domestically
should not be a problem. The question is when it can be used. There may be more
than one form of vaccine. At this time, commercial competition is more
important, which will play a good role in promoting the advent of vaccines.
What about similar outbreaks in the future?
I believe that the epidemic will be controlled eventually, but we
still have to consider what happens if a similar epidemic occurs in the future
if the epidemic is controlled?
Therefore, the international vaccine community and public
prevents hiv infection agree that a vaccine must be developed this time, which
is also meaningful for the future.
In response to possible future epidemics, I have the following
two suggestions.
Because there are many similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and
SARS,
If we develop a vaccine for one of the two, then the same
vaccine platform can be used to replace the antigen to achieve the purpose of
prevention.
The preparation of vaccines requires not only preliminary
scientific and technical research, but also very complicated processes such as
later listing.
(This article is based on the second lecture
of Professor Lu Shan's "Understanding the Future" Scientific Lecture:
Virus and Human Health-Special Science Popularization, with some excisions.
